|
THE FIRST
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
AND THE REVOLUTIONS
After defeat in the Spanish-American War, Spain ceded its colonies to
the US in exchange for US$20 million. Although Aguinaldo had proclaimed
independence, it became obvious the US did not recognise Philippine
independence. The outcome was the Philippine-American War in which
Aguinaldo was finally captured and persuaded to swear allegiance to the
US.
The Surrender of the Spanish to the Americans
July 17, 1898: Over 11,000 US troops and reinforcements arrive in the
Philippines from the US.
August 13, 1898: The Spanish governor, Fermin Jaudenes negotiates the
surrender of Manila with an arranged show of resistance that preserved
Spanish sensibilities of honour. However, this excludes Aguinaldo's
Filipinos.
August 14, 1898: The Americans establish a military government in the
Philippines.
September 1898: Aguinaldo moves his capital from Cavite to the more
defensible Malalos in Bulacan, as it is now apparent the US does not
recognise Philippine independence. The US and Spain begin peace
negotiations in Paris.
December 10, 1898: The Treaty of Paris is signed. Cuba gains
independence while Spain cedes the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico to
the US for US$20 million. The Treaty of Paris is not well received in
the Philippines.
December 21, 1898: The Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation is issued
by US President McKinley extending US sovereignty over the Philippines
even by use of force if need be.
January 20, 1899: President McKinley appoints the first Philippine
Commission (Schurman Commission).
January 21, 1899: The Malolos Constitution is promulgated by Aguinaldo.
January 23, 1899: Under the Malolos Constitution, the government of the
First Republic of the Philippines is inaugurated and Emilio Aguinaldo
takes his oath as President.
February 4, 1899: An American sentry by the name of Private Willie
Grayson shoots and kills a Filipino soldier crossing the San Juan
bridge. This starts the Philippine-American War.
June 15, 1899: General Antonio Luna, the most brilliant military
tactician during the Philippine-American War is shot and killed by
Aguinaldo's men.
March 4, 1899: The Schurman Commission arrives in Manila. It proclaims
US supremacy over the Philippines but promises autonomy.
March 31, 1899: Aguinaldo and his government escape the capture of
Malalos.
January 31, 1900: The Schurman Commission departs for the US.
March 16, 1900: President McKinley appoints the second Philippine
Commission (Taft Commission).
June 3, 1900: The Taft Commission arrives in Manila.
December 2, 1900: General Gregorio del Pilar is killed while trying to
hold off the Americans at the Battle of Pasong Tirad.
December 23, 1900: The Partido Liberal is formed by Filipinos aiming to
have the Philippines join the US.
March 2, 1901: The US Senate passes an act which formally ends military
rule in the Philippines as the US President governs the Philippines by
authority of the US Congress and not as the Commander-in-Chief of the
Armed Forces.
March 23, 1901: Aguinaldo is captured in Palanan, Isabela by the
pursuing American forces.
April 1, 1901: In Manila, Aguinaldo is persuaded to swear allegiance to
the US and calls on his soldiers to put down their arms.
April 19, 1901: Aguinaldo issues a proclamation in which he believes
freedom can be obtained through the US.
July 4, 1901: Military rule comes to an end as a civil government is
established with William Taft as the first US governor-general.
However, some resistance continues until 1903.
.
|
|
Search
for www.pinas.com
