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PHILIPPINES
THE
REVOLUTION FOR INDEPENDENCE
August 25, 1896: Bonifacio issues the call to arms, the Cry of
Balintawak.
August 29, 1896: Bonifacio and Emilio Jacinto attack the Spanish
garrison at San Juan with 800 Katipuneros. Insurrections also brake out
in eight provinces surrounding Manila on Luzon and soon spread to other
islands.
August 31, 1896: In Cavite under the leadership of Emilio Aguinaldo,
Katipuneros defeat the Civil Guard and colonial troops.
December 26, 1896: After being arrested in transit to Cuba, Rizal had
been sent back to Fort Santiago in Manila to stand trial for rebellion.
He is tried and found guilty and sentenced to death.
December 30, 1896: Dr. Jose Rizal is executed by firing squad. His
death will make him both the national hero of the Philippines and fresh
determination to the Katipunan.
May 10, 1897: The Katipunan was divided between factions loyal to
Bonifacio and Aguinaldo. Aguinaldo had been elected to replace
Bonifacio who then begins to withdraw his supporters. The two factions
begin to fight. Aguinaldo has Bonifacio arrested, tried and executed.
July 1897: Aguinaldo's forces are driven from Cavite to Bulacan where
Aguinaldo declares his constitution and establishes the Republic of
Biak-na-Bato. Both Spain and Aguinaldo's new republic realise the
situation had become a no-win for either side. Negotiations begin.
December 27, 1897: Negotiations have concluded with the Pact of
Biak-na-Bato. Aguinaldo and his government accept US$800,000 (only half
of this was actually paid out) for voluntary retirement and exile to
Hong Kong where Aguinaldo designs what is now the Philippine national
flag.
January 20, 1898: The Truce of Biak-na-Bato is violated as the Spanish
continue arresting suspected members of the Katipunan. Most of those
arrested are innocent. Hostilities between Spanish and Filipino forces
are resumed by General Francisco Makabulos.
April 25, 1898: The US declares war on Spain. Relations had
deteriorated over the conduct of the war for Cuban independence.
Commodore George Dewey is ordered to attack the Spanish fleet in the
Philippines. Prior to this, Dewey had discussions with Aguinaldo's
exiled government. An agreement had been reached to crush the Spanish
forces.
May 1, 1898: By noon, Commodore George Dewey has destroyed the Spanish
fleet.
May 19, 1898: Aguinaldo returns to the Philippines to lead his rebel
forces against the Spanish.
May 24, 1898: Aguinaldo establishes a dictatorial government.
June 12, 1898: From the balcony of his house in Cavite, Aguinaldo
declares independence and displays his new flag before the people.
June 23, 1898: Aguinaldo changes his dictatorial government to a
revolutionary government.
July 15, 1898: Aguinaldo appoints a cabinet and the Malolos Congress is
formed with 136 members.
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